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Supplementary Material: Knowledge-based in silico models and dataset for the comparative evaluation of mammography AI for a range of breast characteristics, lesion conspicuities and doses

Neural Information Processing Systems

M-SYNTH is organized into a directory structure that indicates the parameters. Code and dataset is released with the Creative Commons 1.0 Universal License We now review the timing required to perform mass insertion and imaging. In Table 2, we review the imaging time required for each breast density. The time varies from 2.84 GPU), we were able to generate the complete dataset in about two weeks.Breast Density Time (min) Fatty 13.463809 Scattered 11.002291 Hetero 3.655613 Dense 2.842028 Table 2: Timing analysis for imaging by breast density. Additional renderings of the breast phantoms generated for the study are shown in Figure 1, demonstrating a high level of detail and anatomical variability within and among models.



Map reveals 23 US states under hypothermia warnings as historic deep freeze grips millions

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Republican Governor rips Trump for'MURDER' in Minneapolis as GOP erupts at ICE scandal Seven dead in private jet crash as audio reveals voice said'Let there be light' seconds before tragedy at snowy Maine airport Is Angelina Jolie quitting America? Private struggles emerge... as actress weighs major lifestyle that threatens to rupture her family Inside the secret double life of a beloved neurosurgeon whose gay love triangle ended... in an execution at his $2.5M mansion Queer Eye snitch reveals exactly what was said about Karamo Brown in a hot mic moment... that's torn the cast apart Kate Hudson's Oscar nomination torched as an'abomination' amid toxic family feud over Song Sung Blue Mystery of Egypt's Giza pyramids deepens as hidden megastructure 4,000 feet below is revealed America's best and worst states to retire revealed - and why Florida is no longer the obvious winner Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Sundance screening sparks online row: 'Sussex Squad' brand claims event failed to sell out as'lies' despite photos showing'rows of empty seats' Kristi Noem's VERY unfortunate post shortly before Trump sent Tom Homan to Minneapolis to clean up mess after she lied about protester shot dead by her DHS officers NFL's'scripted' conspiracy theory resurfaces as fans find five-month old post hinting at Super Bowl 60 matchup Forensic video analysis of Alex Pretti's final 30 seconds exposes'John Wayne gun' question that can't be ignored Victoria and David Beckham make first public appearance together since son Brooklyn's damning statement as children Cruz, Romeo and Harper turn up to support her as she becomes a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters Kristi Noem is dealt hammer blow live on Fox News as Trump lawyer trashes claim Minneapolis victim Alex Pretti was'domestic terrorist' Lauren Sanchez turns heads in a red skirt suit as she holds hands with billionaire husband Jeff Bezos at Schiaparelli's Paris Haute Couture Fashion Week show An'extreme cold warning' has been issued in more than 20 states as temperatures are expected to remain so low that it could be deadly to go outside in many areas. The National Weather Service (NWS) said a stretch of the US from Texas to New York will experience bone-chilling temperatures and even colder wind chills on Monday and into Tuesday following the weekend's historic winter storm. Areas as far south as the Florida panhandle and southern Georgia will see morning wild chills reach the teens and single digits, with prolonged exposure to this cold potentially causing hypothermia and frostbite to exposed skin within minutes. States throughout the Gulf, including Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, will see wild chills drop to 10 degrees below zero, cold enough to cause frostbite in just 30 minutes.


MCP-AI: Protocol-Driven Intelligence Framework for Autonomous Reasoning in Healthcare

ElSayed, Zag, Erickson, Craig, Pedapati, Ernest

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Healthcare AI systems have historically faced challenges in merging contextual reasoning, long-term state management, and human-verifiable workflows into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces a completely innovative architecture and concept: combining the Model Context Protocol (MCP) with a specific clinical application, known as MCP-AI. This integration allows intelligent agents to reason over extended periods, collaborate securely, and adhere to authentic clinical logic, representing a significant shift away from traditional Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and prompt-based Large Language Models (LLMs). As healthcare systems become more complex, the need for autonomous, context-aware clinical reasoning frameworks has become urgent. We present MCP-AI, a novel architecture for explainable medical decision-making built upon the Model Context Protocol (MCP) a modular, executable specification for orchestrating generative and descriptive AI agents in real-time workflows. Each MCP file captures clinical objectives, patient context, reasoning state, and task logic, forming a reusable and auditable memory object. Unlike conventional CDSS or stateless prompt-based AI systems, MCP-AI supports adaptive, longitudinal, and collaborative reasoning across care settings. MCP-AI is validated through two use cases: (1) diagnostic modeling of Fragile X Syndrome with comorbid depression, and (2) remote coordination for Type 2 Diabetes and hypertension. In either scenario, the protocol facilitates physician-in-the-loop validation, streamlines clinical processes, and guarantees secure transitions of AI responsibilities between healthcare providers. The system connects with HL7/FHIR interfaces and adheres to regulatory standards, such as HIPAA and FDA SaMD guidelines. MCP-AI provides a scalable basis for interpretable, composable, and safety-oriented AI within upcoming clinical environments.


Integrating RCTs, RWD, AI/ML and Statistics: Next-Generation Evidence Synthesis

Yang, Shu, Gamalo, Margaret, Fu, Haoda

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been the cornerstone of clinical evidence; however, their cost, duration, and restrictive eligibility criteria limit power and external validity. Studies using real-world data (RWD), historically considered less reliable for establishing causality, are now recognized to be important for generating real-world evidence (RWE). In parallel, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are being increasingly used throughout the drug development process, providing scalability and flexibility but also presenting challenges in interpretability and rigor that traditional statistics do not face. This Perspective argues that the future of evidence generation will not depend on RCTs versus RWD, or statistics versus AI/ML, but on their principled integration. To this end, a causal roadmap is needed to clarify inferential goals, make assumptions explicit, and ensure transparency about tradeoffs. We highlight key objectives of integrative evidence synthesis, including transporting RCT results to broader populations, embedding AI-assisted analyses within RCTs, designing hybrid controlled trials, and extending short-term RCTs with long-term RWD. We also outline future directions in privacy-preserving analytics, uncertainty quantification, and small-sample methods. By uniting statistical rigor with AI/ML innovation, integrative approaches can produce robust, transparent, and policy-relevant evidence, making them a key component of modern regulatory science.


OceanAI: A Conversational Platform for Accurate, Transparent, Near-Real-Time Oceanographic Insights

Chen, Bowen, Gajbhar, Jayesh, Dusek, Gregory, Redmon, Rob, Hogan, Patrick, Liu, Paul, Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne, Xu, Dongkuan, He, Ruoying

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is transforming the sciences, yet general conversational AI systems often generate unverified "hallucinations" undermining scientific rigor. We present OceanAI, a conversational platform that integrates the natural-language fluency of open-source large language models (LLMs) with real-time, parameterized access to authoritative oceanographic data streams hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Each query such as "What was Boston Harbor's highest water level in 2024?" triggers real-time API calls that identify, parse, and synthesize relevant datasets into reproducible natural-language responses and data visualizations. In a blind comparison with three widely used AI chat-interface products, only OceanAI produced NOAA-sourced values with original data references; others either declined to answer or provided unsupported results. Designed for extensibility, OceanAI connects to multiple NOAA data products and variables, supporting applications in marine hazard forecasting, ecosystem assessment, and water-quality monitoring. By grounding outputs and verifiable observations, OceanAI advances transparency, reproducibility, and trust, offering a scalable framework for AI-enabled decision support within the oceans. A public demonstration is available at https://oceanai.ai4ocean.xyz.


From Binary to Bilingual: How the National Weather Service is Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop a Comprehensive Translation Program

Trujillo-Falcon, Joseph E., Bozeman, Monica L., Llewellyn, Liam E., Halvorson, Samuel T., Mizell, Meryl, Deshpande, Stuti, Manning, Bob, Fagin, Todd

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

To advance a Weather-Ready Nation, the National Weather Service (NWS) is developing a systematic translation program to better serve the 68.8 million people in the U.S. who do not speak English at home. This article outlines the foundation of an automated translation tool for NWS products, powered by artificial intelligence. The NWS has partnered with LILT, whose patented training process enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt neural machine translation (NMT) tools for weather terminology and messaging. Designed for scalability across Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) and National Centers, the system is currently being developed in Spanish, Simplified Chinese, Vietnamese, and other widely spoken non-English languages. Rooted in best practices for multilingual risk communication, the system provides accurate, timely, and culturally relevant translations, significantly reducing manual translation time and easing operational workloads across the NWS. To guide the distribution of these products, GIS mapping was used to identify language needs across different NWS regions, helping prioritize resources for the communities that need them most. We also integrated ethical AI practices throughout the program's design, ensuring that transparency, fairness, and human oversight guide how automated translations are created, evaluated, and shared with the public. This work has culminated into a website featuring experimental multilingual NWS products, including translated warnings, 7-day forecasts, and educational campaigns, bringing the country one step closer to a national warning system that reaches all Americans.


Knowledge-based in silico models and dataset for the comparative evaluation of mammography AI for a range of breast characteristics, lesion conspicuities and doses

Neural Information Processing Systems

Precise mass location and extent (e.g., mass boundaries) are typically not available in the patient's records, and it is burdensome, error-prone, and sometimes impossible to


Supplementary Material: Knowledge-based in silico models and dataset for the comparative evaluation of mammography AI for a range of breast characteristics, lesion conspicuities and doses

Neural Information Processing Systems

M-SYNTH is organized into a directory structure that indicates the parameters. Code and dataset is released with the Creative Commons 1.0 Universal License We now review the timing required to perform mass insertion and imaging. In Table 2, we review the imaging time required for each breast density. The time varies from 2.84 GPU), we were able to generate the complete dataset in about two weeks.Breast Density Time (min) Fatty 13.463809 Scattered 11.002291 Hetero 3.655613 Dense 2.842028 Table 2: Timing analysis for imaging by breast density. Additional renderings of the breast phantoms generated for the study are shown in Figure 1, demonstrating a high level of detail and anatomical variability within and among models.


Navigating the EU AI Act: Foreseeable Challenges in Qualifying Deep Learning-Based Automated Inspections of Class III Medical Devices

Diaz, Julio Zanon, Brennan, Tommy, Corcoran, Peter

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

As deep learning (DL) technologies advance, their application in automated visual inspection for Class III medical devices offers significant potential to enhance quality assurance and reduce human error. However, the adoption of such AI-based systems introduces new regulatory complexities-particularly under the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, which imposes high-risk system obligations that differ in scope and depth from established regulatory frameworks such as the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the U.S. FDA Quality System Regulation (QSR). This paper presents a high-level technical assessment of the foreseeable challenges that manufacturers are likely to encounter when qualifying DL-based automated inspections -- specifically static models -- within the existing medical device compliance landscape. It examines divergences in risk management principles, dataset governance, model validation, explainability requirements, and post-deployment monitoring obligations. The discussion also explores potential implementation strategies and highlights areas of uncertainty, including data retention burdens, global compliance implications, and the practical difficulties of achieving statistical significance in validation with limited defect data. Disclaimer: This paper presents a technical perspective and does not constitute legal or regulatory advice.